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HR Records & Compliance FAQs

Recordkeeping, retention, personnel files, and the documentation infrastructure that supports every other HR decision.

Last updated: July 03, 2026 • 12 answers in this category

Six statutes, six retention periods, and the one that governs

Controlling authority: DOL FLSA recordkeeping, EEOC recordkeeping requirements, OSHA recordkeeping and ERISA. The longest applicable period governs, and a litigation hold overrides all of them.

Employment records retention: one schedule, six statutes U.S. Department of Labor, FLSA recordkeeping; EEOC recordkeeping requirements; OSHA recordkeeping; DOL EBSA on ERISA. Table by Faulkner HR Solutions.
RecordRetain forStatute
Payroll records3 yearsFLSA (and ADEA for payroll)
Wage rates, job evaluations, seniority and merit systems, and anything explaining a pay differential2 yearsFLSA supplementary records
Personnel and employment records — hiring, promotion, demotion, transfer, discipline, termination1 year from the record or the action, whichever is laterTitle VII and the ADA. Covered federal contractors: 2 years
FMLA leave records, including certifications3 yearsFMLA — and certifications live in the confidential medical file
OSHA injury and illness records (300, 300A, 301)5 years following the year coveredOSHA recordkeeping
Benefit plan documents6 yearsERISA, matching the limitation period
Form I-93 years after hire or 1 year after termination, whichever is laterUSCIS
Anything under a litigation holdUntil the hold is liftedA hold overrides every schedule above

Preservation after a complaint, charge or threat

Records and preservation after a complaint, charge or threat U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, position statement procedures and what to expect after a charge is filed. Table by Faulkner HR Solutions.
StepWhat it coversTiming
Issue a litigation holdEmail, chat, devices, access logs, personnel and payroll records for the parties and comparatorsOn the credible threat, not on the lawsuit.
Suspend auto-deletionRetention policies that would destroy relevant recordsImmediately. This is the failure judged most harshly.
Preserve the investigation fileScope, interview notes, evidence considered, findings, and the action takenOngoing
Preserve comparator evidenceHow the same standard was applied to others, in the same periodWith the hold
Segregate confidential materialMedical, other charges, trade secret, financialAt creation, not at production.
Track the deadlinesPosition statement date, the charging party’s 20-day window, and the 90-day suit periodFrom receipt of each notice.
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Curated and reviewed by Dr. Thomas W. Faulkner, DBA, MBA, MSML, SPHR, LSSBB, principal consultant at Faulkner HR Solutions.